TNF and hypertensive disorder: Monocyte recruitment is the key factor in the development of vascular inflammation, followed by adhesion molecules (VCAM-1 and ICAM-1), inflammatory factors (TNF-α and IL-6), and chemokines (CCL2, CXCL5, CXCL8, and CXCL10) released during hypertension (Martynowicz et al., 2014; Mehaffey and Majid, 2017).