The immunoblotting assessment (Figure 5B) showed that the cleavage of poly (ADP) ribose polymerase (PARP), caspase-3, and Bax was also increased in the AOM/DSS mice model, which were treated with atractylenolide I. In addition, the morphology of the mitochondria detected by TEM showed a weak mitochondrial fission ability in a atractylenolide I-treated AOM/DSS mice model (Figure 5C), suggesting that atractylenolide I inhibited mitochondrial fission to induce apoptosis in the AOM/DSS mice model. Here, CASP3 is linked to infectious otitis media.