TNF and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: These findings indicated that the biological processes associated with metformin treating obesity-related hypertension were mainly involved in cholesterol metabolic process, cellular response to tumor necrosis factor, cellular response to lipopolysaccharide, positive regulation of STAT protein import into nucleus, lipoprotein catabolic process, regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production, angiogenesis, negative regulation of lipid storage, lipoprotein biosynthetic process, response to dietary excess (detailed in Supplementary file 2).