TNF and pneumonia: Pathological examinations and cellular profiles of BALF showed that H-AASD exacerbated pneumonia incidence in KP infected mice and increased expression of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IFN-γ, TNF-α) and chemokines (KC, MCP-1, MIP-1α) related to KP in BALF.