A PD model was generated using midbrain organoids from leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2)-mutant iPSCs, characterized by a declined in DA neuron and mature neuron marker expression and abnormal increase in co-localization of α-synuclein and thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) [115]. This evidence concerns the gene LRRK2 and Parkinson disease.