APOL1 and infection: In a process that is mostly restricted to hepatocytes, APOL1 can also be secreted into blood plasma, as a subclass of high-density lipoprotein complexes called trypanosome lytic factors 1 and 2 (TLF 1 and TLF 2) (4), which provide protection against infection by many protozoan parasites of the genera Trypanosoma and Leishmania (5, 6, 7, 8).