LAD1 and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma: Ten mRNAs were unique to benign epithelial kidney EVs and absent in EVs released from ccRCC: EPCAM, PRKCZ, PXDN, CXADR, EPS8L1, HOXA7, LAD1, MYO1D, ROCK2, and SLC35A3. Eight mRNAs were found only in ccRCC: CDH2, COL7A1, FGFR2, BMPR1B, HDHD3, ICAM1, KIAA1462, and PFKFB4 (Fig. 4b).