Absolute counts of tumor-associated CD4 + helper T cells were significantly increased in the combination treatment group of SPD + anti-mCTLA-4 (3.3 × 105 cells/gram of tissue) versus anti-mCTLA-4 treatment alone (8.7 × 104 cells/gram of tissue; p < 0.05) and untreated controls (7.9 × 104 cells/gram of tissue; p < 0.05) (Fig. 3a). The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is neoplasm.