There is a higher frequency of CD8+ T-cells in CL ulcers compared to early CL lesions before ulceration; CD8+ T-cells from ulcerated CL patients produced more granzyme B and had more cytotoxic activity than the cells from patients with subclinical infection; CD8+ T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity activates the NLRP3 inflammasome in CL lesions.14, 15, 16. The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is infection.