And HFD-induced chronic inflammation has been deeply tied to the pathogenesis of HFD-driven metabolic diseases (Kalupahana et al., 2011; Duan et al., 2018), the increased levels of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines [i.e., interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α] resulting in low-grade systemic inflammation and metabolic disorders (Duan et al., 2018). Here, TNF is linked to metabolic disease.