Isoflavones, such as genistein and daidzein, are generally regarded as phytoestrogens; there is evidence that Nrf2 is also one of the downstream targets of isoflavones and that it can also regulate fat metabolism in rats with diet-induced obesity, acting through the AMPK pathway (Li and Zhang, 2017; Krizova et al., 2019). Here, NFE2L2 is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.