From the departments of neuroradiology and neurology, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Public Hospital, this review addresses the 4 major classes of demyelinating disease: multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica (NMO), anti-MOG-associated encephalomyelitis (MOG-EM), and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), and discusses their prevalence, demographics, clinical diagnosis workup, and imaging features in the Indonesian population. The gene discussed is MOG; the disease is demyelinating disease.