In 2017, Awan et al. reported that in CCL4-induced fibrosis models, oval cells derived from MSCs are beneficial to liver regeneration [132], and Addante et al. showed in 2018 that bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) was confirmed to inhibit reaction of duct and activation of oval cells to reduce liver regeneration in BMP9-deficient mice with DDC-induced cholestasis [133]. Here, GDF2 is linked to cholestasis.