TMEM119+ CD11c+ microglia (which may encompass more than one subset) has been recently identified as DAM, a subpopulation characteristically associated with neurodegenerative diseases (Keren-Shaul et al., 2017; Krasemann et al., 2017; Cao et al., 2021) and white matter aging (Sato-Hashimoto et al., 2019; Safaiyan et al., 2021). This evidence concerns the gene TMEM119 and neurodegenerative disease.