We found that high Cx43 expression was significantly correlated with high E-ca expression and low α-SMA expression in clinical specimens (Fig. 5A and B) and Cx43 was sufficient to alleviate TAM resistance by impeding EMT in TAM-sensitive and -resistant breast cancer cells and in xenografts (Fig. 5E-G, Fig 8). This evidence concerns the gene ACTA1 and breast cancer.