In primary NSCLC cells with POLRMT shRNA or KO, levels mtDNA, mitochondrial transcripts (ND1 and CYTB mRNAs) as well as mRNA expressions of subunits of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes (COX1, UQCRC2, and NDUFB8) were significantly decreased. The gene discussed is POLRMT; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.