Participants in both studies undergo genetic counseling and they are invited to participate in GEMO and/or GENEPSO through the family cancer clinics if tested positive for a mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2. About 26% of index cases carrying such a mutation (i.e. the first individual tested in the family) are included in GEMO, and 21% in GENEPSO [18]. The gene discussed is BRCA1; the disease is cancer.