This article introduces the mechanism and mechanism of propofol affecting the proliferation and apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells, studies and analyzes the mechanism of TGF-β1/Smad2 signaling pathway inhibiting the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells and its effect on hepatocellular carcinoma cells, and studies the effect of propofol in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma Feasibility and effectiveness. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.