Immunohistochemical analysis of 306 ESCC tissue microarrays using anti‐CD163 antibodies, a molecular marker of M2 macrophages, revealed that the infiltration of M2 macrophages was increased in ESCC tissues with high S100A7 expression compared with that ESCC tissues with low S100A7 expression (Figure 6C,D). This evidence concerns the gene S100A7 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.