A total of 95 SNPs in 12 Wnt signaling genes (WNT3A, WNT3, WNT4, DKK1, DKK2, LRP5, LRP6, CTNNB1, APC, FZD1, FRZB, SFRP1) were genotyped in 1,860 participants (440 patients with EH, 535 patients with HF, 421 patients with IS and 464 normal control subjects) using Sequenom MassArray technology. Here, CTNNB1 is linked to hydrops fetalis.