Due to the overlapping expression of TAGLN and TAGLN2 in mammals, genetic analysis has provided compelling evidence for the functional requirement of transgelins only in two examples: first, the requirement of TAGLN2 in T-cell immunological synapse for the stabilization of actin cytoskeleton (Na et al., 2015); second, the requirement of TAGLN in atherosclerosis by shifting the balance of smooth muscle cell contractility to proliferation during vascular remodeling (Zhang et al., 2001; Feil et al., 2004). This evidence concerns the gene TAGLN and atherosclerosis.