PVT1 and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma: To point out the underlying molecular mechanism of PVT1 in promoting ccRCC angiogenesis, invasion and migration, we initially performed the RNA-FISH assays and revealed that PVT1 was predominantly located in the cytoplasm rather than the nucleus, indicating that PVT1 may exert its oncogenic effect in the cytoplasm (Fig. 3A).