Studies employing mouse models of melanoma have shown that targeting certain innate immune signaling pathways, in particular, TLR, retinoic acid-inducible gene-I-like receptors (RLR), and stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathways may prove critical towards aiding in tumor regression either by direct induction of tumor cell apoptosis32 or by reducing tumor cell proliferation33. This evidence concerns the gene DHX58 and melanoma.