In addition, densities of CD3+ and CD8+ TILs in post-neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy samples were found to be higher compared to their corresponding pre-treatment samples [95, 96], and the number of CD8+ T cells and T cells expressing granzyme B (GrzB+) (which suggests cytotoxic potential) in tumour stroma is increased in rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy [97]. Here, CD8A is linked to rectal cancer.