Studies have shown that ATF3 gene dysfunction is related to many pathophysiological reactions, such as inflammation, signal transmission, apoptosis, oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress, and ATF3 is involved in a variety of pathophysiological changes, such as extracellular matrix dysfunction, smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration, and foam cell formation, in the development of atherosclerosis [12]. This evidence concerns the gene ATF3 and atherosclerosis.