The CPG originated from Thailand [33] though acknowledged that beta-blockers may be inferior to other antihypertensive agents to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases, beta-blockers were still being listed as one of the options for first-line therapy due to their similar effects on blood pressure-lowering with other established first-line antihypertensive agents, including ACE inhibitors, ARBs, calcium channel blockers, and thiazide diuretics. Here, ACE is linked to cardiovascular disorder.