In contrast, loss of SAC1 did not alter the percentage of bacteria that co-localized with endogenous ubiquitin, LC3, NDP52, or SQSTM1 at earlier times (0.5 h and 1 h post-infection), indicating that SAC1 does not function in the recognition or assembly of autophagy machinery around intracellular Salmonella (Figure 2F). This evidence concerns the gene SQSTM1 and infection.