TNF and Infertility: In the current study, we aimed to evaluate the gene expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α) and miRNAs (miR-146a-5p, miR-34a-5p and miR-23a-5p) and the protein expression of IL-1α both in infertile patients and controls, to clarify their interdependent relationship and their role in the etiopathology of male infertility.