TLR4 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Specific polymorphisms in proinflammatory and lipogenic genes such as APOE, SREBP‐1, NF‐ĸB, nitricoxidesynthase 3 (NOS3), Toll‐like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4, are associated with type 2 diabetes and diabetic neuropathy.[202, 203] When activated TLR4 initiates a cascade of signaling events that promote the expression and secretion of TNFα creating a neuroinflammatory state.