AHR and autoimmune disease: For example, AHR activation by TCDD or related chemicals in the fetus has been linked to increased risk for eczema (Ye et al., 2018), autoimmune diseases (Gogal and Holladay, 2008), neurodevelopmental disorders (Pham et al., 2019) and impairment of mammary gland differentiation (Vorderstrasse et al., 2004), as well as others.