BMI1 regulates development and homeostasis of the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) via maintenance of embryonic and adult neural stem cell (NSC) self-renewal (32-34), and it is highly expressed in glioblastoma initiating cells (GIC) (35), the key cellular driver of tumour initiation and maintenance in GBM (36). This evidence concerns the gene BMI1 and glioblastoma.