Genes upregulated in both tumor and TAS of BA PCa patients as compared to WA included cell cycle markers CD19, CD2, CD53 and CD80, interferon response factor 8 (IRF8), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PIK3CA), mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), and metastasis-associated protein S100A4 (Figure 3A, Figure 3C, Supplementary Figure 5, Supplementary Dataset 3; Supplementary Table 3A–3B). Here, CD19 is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.