Patients with oesophageal cancer showed significantly higher levels of interleukin (IL)-1ra, IL-2, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17, CC chemokine ligand (CCL)2, CCL4, CCL5, CCL11, interferon (IFN)-γ, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF)2, and CXC chemokine ligand (CXCL)10. Here, CSF2 is linked to carcinoma of esophagus.