Treatment with cystic cell-derived EVs/exosomes decreased Pkd1 mRNA and proteins in recipient cells (Fig. 2a, b) and in cystic kidneys (Supplementary Fig. 7b), suggesting that EVs/exosomes may be a nongenetic factor that lowers the amount of polycystin 1 in the cystic kidneys. This evidence concerns the gene PKD1 and Renal cyst.