Interestingly, we found that treatment with cystic cell EVs/exosomes induced glomerular hypertrophy and promoted glomerular capillary loops to develop cyst-like structures in kidneys of Pkd1RC/RC mice and Pkd1flox/+:Pkhd1-Cre mice (Supplementary Fig. 8e). This evidence concerns the gene PKHD1 and cyst.