PKD1 and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: In conclusion, our study identified that EVs/exosomes are key regulators of cyst formation in ADPKD and support a “cystic EVs/exosomes theory”, in that EVs/exosomes derived from cystic renal epithelia cells could affect the biology of neighboring cells, including Pkd1 heterozygous renal epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and microphages.