Among the loci are many that had been previously identified as risk loci for liver disease, but had never been explicitly associated through GWAS of both ALT and AST, such as SERPINA1 (associated with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency35), HFE (homeostatic iron regulator, associated with hemochromatosis61), and TM6SF2 (transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2, associated with NAFLD62–64). This evidence concerns the gene SERPINA1 and liver disorder.