To better imitate the real dose of AR antagonists administered to patients [43, 44], we treated PCa cells with 25 μM AR antagonists, and found that a low dose of 0.2 μM THZ531 was enough to induce striking synergy in colony formation assays (Fig. 5B), supporting the essential requirement of CDK12 for PCa cells under AR antagonism. Here, AR is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.