It has been confirmed that OPG also activates NF-kB in ECs and thus induces the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 at the level of the cell nucleus, which leads to increased adhesion of leucocytes to the endothelial surface in the early stages of endothelial dysfunction [4, 5, 17] (Fig. 2). This evidence concerns the gene TNFRSF11B and endothelial dysfunction.