Interferon α-1b (IFN-α-1b) and thalidomide (Tha) combined with interleukin (IL)-2 (the ITI regimen) were used to treat 20 patients with AML whose AML1-ETO fusion gene was persistently positive or had turned positive again after becoming negative. This evidence concerns the gene RUNX1T1 and acute myeloid leukemia.