ALPI and type 1 diabetes mellitus: Based on this background, we analyzed a set of gastrointestinal biomarkers10 previously associated with intestinal inflammation (calprotectin), gut metabolite production (short-chain fatty acids), detoxification of bacterial endotoxins (intestinal alkaline phosphatase), and host defense (immunoglobulins) to investigate whether these faecal markers of gut metabolism are associated with albuminuria in a Danish cohort of adult T1D subjects with and without diabetic nephropathy.