SNCA and infection: One, because SNCA gene is highly expressed outside the brain including at sites of host-environment interactions (e.g., in the olfactory receptor epithelium; enteric nervous system; autonomic nerve fibers of the skin), the effects of distinct SNCA alleles on microbiota composition, on microbial disease susceptibility and the host’s defense against colonizations as well as infections within the naso/oropharyngeal, gastrointestinal, genitourinary systems, and skin surfaces should be further examined, both in rodents and primates.