To confirm that the dose-dependent increases in IL-1β and type I IFNs production were actually due to increased infection of PAMs by ASFV, we tested the virus loads in PAMs following ASFV infection by qPCR, and found that more ASFV genome copies were detected in PAMs infected with higher MOIs of ASFV, indicating effective infection and replication of ASFV in PAMs (Fig 1F). Here, IL1B is linked to infection.