To test whether DDR does not effectively abrogate cell proliferation during early phase of CDT intoxication, cells were co-exposed during 24 h to CDT and the ATR inhibitor VE-821 (ATRi), given that the G2/M checkpoint mostly depends on ATR rather than ATM under these conditions (Supp Fig. 4). This evidence concerns the gene ATR and isolated focal cortical dysplasia type II.