Although there are no reports on grading from equine astrocytes in the literature, some authors described at least the increase in the number of GFAP+ cells in lesioned brain areas compared with normal horse brains (2, 4) or in studies about canine visceral leishmaniasis (39), canine distemper disease (40), and rhesus macaques with neurobrucellosis (41). The gene discussed is GFAP; the disease is visceral leishmaniasis.