Collectively, in the present prospective cohort study, the expression of PD-1 and TCR repertoire was analyzed through high-throughput sequencing in blood samples from Chinese advanced NSCLC patients who had received anti–PD-L1 checkpoint blockade immunotherapy, aiming at exploring predictive and monitoring biomarkers before treatment and selecting patients to exhibit better clinical outcomes. Here, CD274 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.