IL6 and neoplasm: Additional effects of IL-6 include attenuation of Th1 responses in the tumor microenvironment (Johnson et al., 2018; Tsukamoto et al., 2018), activation of cancer-associated fibroblasts (Karakasheva et al., 2018), reductions in CD8 + cytotoxic T lymphocyte populations, increases in immunosuppressive FOXP3 + regulatory T cell populations (Kato et al., 2018), and enhanced generation of MDSCs (Hanazawa et al., 2018).