PAK1 and cancer: Previous studies demonstrated that PAK1 could be crucial for PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK signaling pathways, and blockage of PAK1 alleviates the tumor cells malignant behaviors via inhibiting ERK and AKT signaling activity in multiple malignant tumors (Semenova et al., 2017; Kanumuri et al., 2020; Song et al., 2021).