RTN3 and Alzheimer disease: Further supporting the speculation that abnormal ER-phagy is involved in the development of neurological diseases is that RTN3-immunoreactive dystrophic neurites (RIDNs) and the accumulation of high-molecular-weight RTN3 in patients with AD cases and mouse models result in neuronal dystrophy, which eventually leads to impairments in spatial learning and memory (Hu et al., 2007).