p-AMPK/AMPK, LXRα, and ABCA1 protein levels were decreased, and PARP-1 was increased in T2DM and T2DM + sham groups when compared with the NC control group; on the contrary, p-AMPK/AMPK, LXRα, and ABCA1 protein levels were increased, and PARP-1 was decreased in T2DM + RYGB and T2DM + EX-4 groups when compared with T2DM group (Figure 6L). This evidence concerns the gene PARP1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.