PAK1 and HIV-1 infection: Since HIV-1 infection was impaired by a ROCK inhibitor, and not by disruption of Rac1 or PAK-1 activity, it was proposed that Filamin-A mediates activation of a RhoA–ROCK–LIMK–Cofilin signaling cascade that facilitates HIV-1 entry via stabilization of the fusion complex (Jiménez-Baranda et al., 2007).