Furthermore, with the aim of treating this highly malignant disease, identification and blockade of CSC signaling pathways, such as the Notch, sonic hedgehog (SHH) and Wnt signaling pathways (31), which are closely correlated with tumor characteristics including proliferation, maintenance, malignant relapse, and metastasis in GBM, will provide vital targets for GBM treatment. The gene discussed is SHH; the disease is neoplasm.